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This article reviews four recent books on balancing and the balance of power. Both in isolation and when taken together, they provide strong analytical and empirical warrants against the proposition that balance of power equilibria represent the "normal condition" or "natural tendency" of international relations. They also reflect the growing dissensus among realists concerning how to conceptualize and operationalize the key concept of "balancing."The author argues that their analysis implies a tripartite distinction between balance of power theory, theories of power balances, and theories of balancing. Recognizing this distinction undermines many objections to expanding the concept of balancing to include "nontraditional" variants, but it also helps elucidate why we should eschew describing nontraditional balancing through the language of hard and soft balancing.Even a more expansive conception of balancing, however, fails to insulate balance of power theory against mounting disconfirming evidence. While one might be able to salvage a "weak" variant of balance of power theory, realists are probably better off adopting a more nuanced and comprehensive approach to power-political competition. The entire field would benefit from treating "balancing" and the "balance of power" as objects of inquiry in their own right, rather than as the province of realist theory.

"Es werden verschiedene machttheoretische Ansätze differenziert, diskutiert und integriert. Die Grundlage ist eine systemtheoretische Konzeption. Unterschieden werden deshalb Konzepte, die auf dem Individual-, dem Mikro-, dem Meso- und dem Makrosystem ansetzen."[Autorenreferat]

Es ist ein weites Feld - die Schaffung von Organstrukturen in der Sozialwirtschaft und die Kompetenzverteilung unter ihnen. Das Organisationsrecht schafft weitreichende Spielräume. Bei deren Ausgestaltung gilt es jedoch einiges zu beachten.

Aus sowjetischer Sicht

The underrepresentation of women in positions of power is proof not so much that men still dominate the top of the pyramid as it is of a system of the most egregious, widespread, pernicious, destructive pattern of human rights abuses in the history of civilization. The systematic, persistent acceptance of women's second-class status is history's greatest shame. And for all our self-congratulations about how far we have come, we live in a world where even in the most advanced countries, deep injustices against women remain. Adapted from the source document.